The Bureaucratic Decoder — Unveiled

Several years ago I did some work for a large, bureaucratic utility that had only recently been privatized from being a governmental organization.  In some ways, they made the transition to a private enterprise well, but many old bad habits from a public sector culture refused to die.

Perhaps most obvious to those of us from outside the culture was the quantity and poor quality of the meetings.  It is not an exaggeration to say that many managers spent every day listlessly drifting from meeting to meeting, and occasionally answered an email in between.  This was loosely described as “work”.

Most often, when a meeting was scheduled for 10:00, I would be the only one in the room, causing me to behave like Dustin Hoffman’s Rainman, checking my calendar to make sure I had the right time and place, and repeating the meeting request over and over to myself.  I quickly discovered that I needed to run all appointments through the special Bureaucratic Decoder.  Here’s the formula:

  • Meetings that start before 9am are entirely contingent upon traffic and weather.  If either one is not cooperating, the meeting will start at 9.30 at the earliest, and perhaps won’t occur at all if conditions are adverse.
  • Normally scheduled meetings between 10am and 3pm will start at fifteen minutes past the scheduled time to allow people time to use the bathroom, get coffee, and arrive at the meeting.  There may be some stragglers, so time was allocated to bring all people up to speed as they drifted into the meeting.  For those there on time, they may have to listen to the recap four times before everyone is there, so it was generally agreed that showing up on time was a bad idea.
  • If anyone had a meeting scheduled prior to your scheduled meeting, they would be at least 30 minutes late, because the previous meeting would never end on time, and they need their fifteen minute “transition buffer” (see bullet above).
  • If you scheduled a meeting for after 3.00pm, it was considered optional.  This is because all meetings started late, and ended late, and there was no guarantee that this meeting would be over by quitting time, which was the only appointment that was regularly respected in the organization.

It sounds frustrating, but the spotty attendance at meetings actually worked out well.  Rarely were decisions made, and there certainly was no collaboration.  The most important thing was maintaining the status quo, and any attempt at the smallest change was put down faster than rabid Rottweiler next door to a daycare.

If this sounds like your organization, then you better hope you don’t have to compete in the open market.  You’ll be put out of your misery faster than the dog I mentioned above.  In many cases, meetings are a necessary evil at best, and don’t do anything to move the business forward.

Governmental organizations and big utilities may be able to afford such excess… your organization probably can’t.

 

Conducting Effective Meetings

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How much time do you waste in meetings every week? Conducting effective meetings is a critical leadership skill that needs improvement in just about all organizations.

Conducting effective meetings is easy with a few guidelines:
  • Have a defined purpose and clear objectives with a written agenda
  • Members have prepared in advance and are engaged
  • Balance of discipline, flexibility, diplomacy and determination
  • Members have defined roles and respect established ground rules
  • Efficient, result focused, and ultimately save time and effort
  • Result in a series of tangible action items
  • Capture insights and enthusiasm
  • Motivate people to specific action
  • Efficient and result focused
  • Are documented and summarized with commitments well understood

On the other hand, not everyone is good at conducting effective meetings.  Many meetings:

  • Lack participation
  • Dominating leader or member, unbalanced involvement
  • People don’t listen to each other
  • Stays off track too long
  • Inefficient, results unclear
  • Ideas and different views are criticized or squelched
  • Action assignments and outcomes are not clear

There are four steps you need to follow when conducting effective meetings. Here’s a brief introduction to the four steps:

Step 1 – Prepare When Conducting Effective Meetings

  • Ensure the purpose of the meeting is well understood. Ask what would happen if this meeting did not take place.
  • Prepare the agenda in advance.
  • Ensure that the desired outcomes of the meeting are articulated in advance.
  • Make sure all the participants are prepared in advance.

Step 2 – Communicate When Conducting Effective Meetings

  • Inform all participants well in advance of the details of the meeting; the purpose and outcomes; and, preparation required.
  • Circulate agenda in advance, as well as any other reading material

Step 3 – Control When Conducting Effective Meetings

  • Start on time
  • Review ground rules and assign roles
  • Use a “Parking Lot” to keep on the agenda

Step 4 – Document and Follow-up When Conducting Effective Meetings

  • Record main discussion points and decisions for future reference. This list becomes your meeting minutes.
  • Clarify actions and assign names and deadlines to them.

Watch the ‘3-Minute Crash Course’ about Conducting Effective Meetings (CLICK THE ARROW TO START THE VIDEO):

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Get the Conducting Effective Meetings files here

The ‘Conducting Effective Meetings’ topic bundle includes:

  • Effective Meetings Cheat Sheet (pdf)
  • Effective Meetings Booklet (pdf) containing:
    • In-Depth Topic Overview
    • How to Get a Meeting Back on Track
    • Role Definitions for Effective Meetings
    • Effective Meeting Preparation Checklist
    • Worksheet for Effective Meetings
    • Meeting Rating Form
    • Types of Meetings and Tips for Success
    • Recommended Resources – where to find out even more about Effective Meetings
  • Easy-print versions of the tools contained in the Effective Meetings Booklet (pdf)
  • Effective Meetings Video (mp3)
  • Effective Meetings Powerpoint Slides (pdf)
Get instant access to the complete ‘Conducting Effective Meetings’ Topic Bundle


 

The Triangle of Satisfaction: Negotiation Tactics That Lead to Lasting Agreements

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Many people don’t have Negotiation Tactics, but rather improvise their way through negotiations of any sort.  Below we talk about the following aspects of Negotiation Tactics.

  • The Wily Manager Model of Negotiation Tactics
  • Why You Should use Negotiation Tactics
  • How You Should use Negotiation Tactics

The Wily Manager Model of Negotiation Tactics

When involved negotiations, mediation, or conflict resolution, people have three interdependent needs that must be carefully considered in order to achieve agreements and decisions that will last:

  • Substantive Needs:
    • the material things and issues people are negotiating about.
  • Emotional Needs:
    • personal and emotional aspects people bring to the negotiating table.
    • how people feel about what is being negotiated for.
    •  how people feel about themselves during and after the negotiations
  • Procedural Needs:
    • the opportunity to have a “fair go”.
    • the process and procedures of Negotiation must be understood and agreed to.

Why You Should Use Negotiation Tactics

People often become overly-focused on what they are trying to negotiate, and forget they need to consider how negotiations are conducted.

  • When we are trying to negotiate or mediate some kind of disagreement we are very often just focused on the solution … negotiating some kind of agreement.
  • Yet if the party’s emotional and procedural needs aren’t dealt with, agreements will break down, or in many instances won’t be achieved.
  • As the boss making a decision is relatively easy – getting decisions to last and work hinges on addressing all needs.  Hence Negotiation Tactics are required.

Negotiation Tactics

How You Should Use Negotiation Tactics

Whether in structured negotiations, or just trying to impact some behavior change, managers need to look at all three aspects of Negotiation Tactics.

Start by asking the following questions:

  • What are the procedural needs?
  •  What are the emotional needs?
  • How are these needs impacting the substantive discussions?
  • How can these needs best be addressed?
  • How well are the ways in which these needs are being addressed, meeting the needs of the people involved?
  • What more would be helpful?

Three Things to Remember about Negotiation Tactics:

  1. How people perceive things to be, is often more important, than how things actually are.
  2. Use all three perspectives of the Negotiation Tactics to diagnose and work through negotiations of any sort.
  3. Often you don’t solve a problem once and for all.  Managers need to continually review and reflect upon the procedural and emotional needs that are raised.

Watch the ‘3-Minute Crash Course’ about Negotiation Tactics (CLICK THE ARROW TO START THE VIDEO):

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The Scarecrow and Labor Negotiations

The Rolling Stones were right – You Can’t Always Get What You Want.  But that doesn’t stop many people from trying.

I’ve been watching media reports lately of some Labor-Management issues for the same reason you might slow down to get a quick glimpse of a horrible traffic accident – to witness destruction, pain, and suffering from the air-conditioned comfort of your own space.

People tend to entrench themselves along ideological lines very quickly in labour-management disputes.  Without knowing any of the details, or even any of the issues, people somehow feel they are entitled to an opinion.  This works well for the people whose views of the world are shaped by their favorite TV show, and who name their children after movie stars.  However, people with a brain (with apologies to the Scarecrow from the Wizard of Oz) need to dig a bit deeper before jumping on any particular bandwagon.

It is very rarely that a labor-management dispute has much to do at all with the substantive issues that each side articulates.  More often the disputes are perpetuated by politics, emotional considerations, and issues of procedure that make the Department of Motor Vehicles look like a positively high performing organization.

Perhaps most unfortunately, such negotiations take place on the premise of dividing up a fixed pie.  If one side gets more, the other gets less.  If both sides could get past the crap, they might figure out a way to bake a bigger pie.  But that would require trust, innovation, and initiative — elements in critically short supply in organized labour, and in almost all large corporations.

How to Receive Feedback if You Want to Be Promoted

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How to Receive Feedback is an important skill that is not talked about nearly as much as how to give feedback.  Below, we talk about:

  • Why you would bother to care about How to Receive Feedback
  • How you go about gathering feedback.
  • How To Receive Feedback if you want to get fired.
  • How to Receive Feedback if you want to get promoted.

Why you should care about How to Receive Feedback

How to Receive Feedback is a critical career skill.

  • By learning How to Receive Feedback, you will have discovered one of the most powerful ways to develop and change your behavior.
  • Your powers of self-perception only go so far. People around you notice things, both good and bad.  Remember — “What you think about your leadership is not as important as what others think about your leadership.”
  • The critical factor in making the feedback effective for your personal development is how you deal with and respond to the information you receive.

How to Get Feedback

The first necessary step in learning How to Receive Feedback, is to get feedback.  Here are some ideas:

  • Ask – there is nothing wrong with asking people specific questions about your leadership or your performance.
  • 360 Feedback – some organizations have infrastructure in place for formal feedback such as a 360 assessment.  In the absence of such instruments, you can still solicit feedback in a more formal way.
  • Skip Level Meetings – The skip level meeting is an excellent way to solicit feedback.  There is some risk in having your boss interview your direct reports, but the feedback can be very valuable.
  • Listen For It – Every day, people will offer clues to you about your leadership and your performance.  If you can pay attention to these clues, it can be very helpful.

How to Receive Feedback if You Want to Get Fired:

  • Get emotional – if you become angry or emotional when receiving feedback, it sends a very clear signal about your maturity to others.
  • Be defensive – if you consistently rationalize the feedback, and fail to take responsibility, you will likely get fired.
  • Deny — if you fail to consider others’ points of view about your performance, it will compromise your career.
  • Explain and Make Excuses – there are lots of ways to explain away poor performance.
  • Sulk – if you fail to see feedback as a gift to improve, but rather feel injured as a result of having someone telling you something you didn’t want to hear, you are risking your employment.

How to Receive Feedback if you want to get promoted:

  • Listen — Attempt to listen without judging what the person is saying. Listen without expressing your opinion or responding.
  • Clarify — Ask probing questions to make sure you understand what is being said. Ask questions to clarify. Ask for examples and stories that illustrate the feedback.
  • Thank — Thank them for the feedback even when you don’t agree with all of it, there will be some good ideas – accept them. This shows respect for the other person’s perspective.
  • Think — Consider and reflect upon others perceptions of your leadership behavior. Work on developing your understanding of how others perceive your behavior and its impact – the intended and the unintended consequences on that person, other employees, and the work environment.
  • Change — Work to improve.  Devote your energy to finding improvement rather than disputing observations. People can and do change. Choose one or two behaviors to focus on in developing your action plan. Identify concrete, observable actions to do differently.  Get help. Monitor how well you are doing by keeping track of what you committed to change.
  • Follow Up — This step is the most critical one. Follow-up demonstrates that you are truly committed to changing your behavior. “You know that I am working on being a better listener. How am I doing? If you had any suggestions for me, what would they be?”

Three Things to Remember about How to Receive Feedback:

  1. You do want to encourage feedback – it is a key career and survival tool
  2. You can decide what to do with the feedback.
  3. Don’t forget to follow up.

Watch the ‘3-Minute Crash Course’ about How to Receive Feedback (CLICK THE ARROW TO START THE VIDEO):

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Your Call is Important to Us — and Other Lies

I was passing through airport security a while ago, and two of the people that are responsible for my safety in the air were having quite a conversation about how drunk they got on the weekend.  I was completely invisible, and given that I was running a bit late for my plane, I made a critically poor decision.

I opted to offer these folks some feedback that they should probably be a little more focused on what we were paying them to do, and a little less on debriefing their leisure time.  Much to no one’s surprise, I was selected for “random” additional security screening.

I can only claim temporary insanity at forgetting the very first (and only mandatory) rule of offering feedback:  The recipient has to be willing to hear you.

Of course, everybody says they want your feedback, but in reality, they’re often not all that interested.  How many times have you heard:

“Your Call is Important to Us”

“Tell us what you think”

“Your opinions are important”

Yes, we are constantly bombarded with messages that people want our feedback.  In reality, people are really keen to receive feedback that tells them they have done well, or that reinforces their view of the world.  Any other types of feedback will only begrudgingly be accepted.

Probably the most dangerous thing someone can do, is respond when their boss says, “I’d like your feedback”.  That is the professional equivalent of a person’s wife asking, “Do I look fat in this?”  In the history of humankind, no one has ever advanced their own cause by attempting to answer such questions.

The last time I was asked such a question, I ran away so fast, there was a Bob-shaped hole in the exit door.  It’s like the “room-mate switch” – it has never been done, and we must never speak of it again. (Seinfeld reference – look it up on YouTube)

So the next time your boss asks you for feedback on his presentation, you need to answer as follows:

“I really thought you nailed the messaging, and came across in a powerful way.”  If he pushes you for some constructive feedback, you might want to offer something like, “I probably would have opted for the arial font – I don’t think the cambria is as easy to read.”

Either that, or just run away so fast, you put a {insert your name here}-shaped hole in the exit door.

 

How to Take Meeting Notes: Save Time With These 2 Unconventional Methods

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It might seem easy, but how to take meeting notes is a valuable and under-rated skill.  Below we talk about:

  • Why Meeting Notes Matter
  • The Basics of how to take meeting notes
  • Symbolic Method of taking meeting notes
  • Quadrant Method of taking meeting notes

Why Taking Good Meeting Notes Matters

  • Taking good notes makes the rest of us think you are on top of your game.
  • Good meeting notes help you stay on top of what decisions were made and who agreed to do what by when.
  • Good meeting notes are a historical record of
    • decisions or agreements that were made
    • why they were made
    • who is responsible for what.

The Basics of How to Take Good Meeting Notes

  • Don’t record everything that you hear or see. Focus on topics, decisions, actions and maybe only the important facts that led to these.
  • Listen for clues and cues, and ask for clarity.
  • Leave lots of white space for later additions to your thoughts.
  • Use positive language.
  • Be objective. Avoid inflammatory or personal observations. The fewer adjectives or adverbs you use, the better.
  • Boring writing is the key to appropriate notes.
  • Notes should consist of key words, or very short sentences
  • Have a uniform system of punctuation, abbreviation and symbols that will make sense to you.
  • In most situations, you will want to take notes with a pen and paper, not a laptop.

The Symbolic Method of Taking Meeting Notes

  • Indent the pages of your notes in from the left margin. Then, use a simple system of symbols to categorize information types in the column space left in the margin.

[ ] A square checkbox denotes a to do item

( ) A circle indicates a task to be assigned to someone else

* An asterisk or star is an important fact

? A question mark goes next to items to research or ask about

  • After the meeting, a quick vertical scan of the margin area makes it easy to add tasks to your to do list and calendar, send out requests to others, and further research questions.
  • (This method is the brainchild of Michael Hyatt.)

The Quadrant Method of Taking Meeting Notes

Split your note-taking page into quadrants and record different kinds of information – like questions, reference and to-do’s – into the separate areas on the page.

3 Things to Remember about How to Take Good Meeting Notes

  1. Be attentive.  Make sure you pay attention
  2. Look to be as brief as possible
  3. Be action oriented.

Watch the ‘3-Minute Crash Course’ about How to Take Meeting Notes (CLICK THE ARROW TO START THE VIDEO):

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Living in the Post-Politically Correct Era

Recently, I was meeting an old friend for lunch.  When I got to the restaurant, I wasn’t sure if he was already there, or if I had arrived first, so I asked the hostess if there was anyone waiting.  “There’s a woman waiting on a party of four”, she explained, “and another man wearing a grey suit.”

I had absolutely no idea what my friend was wearing, so I said, “The man I’m looking for is a tall, bald, black man.”  The reply I got was quite telling.  The hostess looked quite uncomfortable, and replied, “I didn’t know I could identify him as ‘black’”.

“It’s OK”, I said, “he knows he’s black.”

I’m happy we’ve moved beyond Amos and Andy jokes, but the story above illustrates a hyper-sensitivity to cultural diversity that does no one any good

For this reason, I am self-proclaiming myself to be living in the post-politically correct era.  This means the cultural differences between people have such little consequence for me, that it is entirely appropriate for me to comment on such differences.

Just the other day, I was saying to my Irish friend, Alexis Theodropoulos, that this politically correct garbage has gotten way out of hand.  It seems that every Tom, Dick and Xianlong in town feels comfortable critiquing your tolerance simply because you mention in passing that you don’t like curried food.

I live in a city where the WASP population is significantly less than half the population.  I live in a country where there are no majorities – not white males, not English speakers, and not people of Protestant faith.  It’s a community of communities (with proper credit to Joe Clark).

These diverse groups do not integrate, but they do coexist, and do so nicely.  So next time you see an Italian on the street – ask him the best place to eat schnitzel.  You just might be surprised at the response.

 

 

Cross Cultural Differences (Where You Wouldn’t Expect Them): Doing Business in the US, the UK, Canada, and Australia/NZ

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People have increasingly raised their awareness of Cross-Cultural Differences in the past couple of decades – particularly where those Cross-Cultural Differences are obvious and well defined.  But what about Cross-Cultural Differences that are more difficult to spot?  Below we discuss Cross-Cultural Differences that may occur between the seemingly similar nations of:

  • The United States
  • The United Kingdom
  • Canada
  • Australia
  • New Zealand

Specifically, we talk about:

  • Why you should care about Cross-Cultural Differences between these countries.
  • Comparison of Cross-Cultural Differences of these countries on 5 different dimensions.

Why Care About Cross-Cultural Differences?

On the surface, many people may be hard-pressed to identify any significant differences between these countries.  However, people that have worked in more than one of these places will testify as to the multitude of Cross-Cultural Differences.  Further, the Wily Manager website and podcast audiences come overwhelmingly from these five countries.  Even if your organization does not do business internationally, you may have people you work with that come from one of these other countries.

When managing Cross-Cultural Differences, it is often easier when the other culture is substantially different so the potential points of conflict or difference can be identified and mitigated.  In many cases, it is much more difficult when the Cross-Cultural Differences you are trying to bridge originate from an American working in Canada, for example.

Caveats to this Discussion of Cross-Cultural Differences:

  • We make many generalizations about these countries, and the people that come from them.  Inevitably these generalizations will not apply to every person in every situation.
  • The content below are merely observations, not evaluations.
  • If you are from one of these countries, you will almost certainly be offended by at least one of our assessments below.
  • NOTE:  The Wily Manager guys have worked in all of these countries except New Zealand — an oversight we’d like to correct!  For now, we’ll take comfort in our numerous visits to NZ.

Cross-Cultural Differences in Managing Conflict

  • Canada & NZ: Both these nations produce chronic avoiders of conflict.  Their history is littered with examples of keeping the peace at any cost.  In many cases, this has served them both well.  In the context of business, avoiding conflict is an unhealthy response to a situation.
  • United States:  Americans are much more prone to surfacing disagreement, and dealing with it.  While others may find this approach confrontational, conflict is often resolved more quickly, and more permanently.
  • UK & Australia: These two countries most often find themselves between the two extremes noted above.

International Awareness

An individual’s awareness of the rest of the world will influence how she conducts herself at work.  Specifically, it can make dealing with Cross-Cultural Differences easier or more difficult.

  • The US and Canada
    • Most North Americans are typically unaware of what happens outside of North America.
    • Many Americans and most Canadians will disagree with this assessment, which can be quickly be proven by asking them to name the Prime Minister of Australia or New Zealand.  Further, until recently less than 10% of Americans, and less than 25% of Canadians held a passport.
    • The majority of North Americans have never left the continent.
  • The United Kingdom
    • The British are (sometimes reluctantly) connected to Europe, as well as to the Commonwealth and the United States.  As such, they have a broader sense of the world.
  • Australia and New Zealand
    • The remoteness of these two nations creates a greater need to look outwards.  Many (if not most) Aussies and Kiwis (those from New Zealand) spend months or years abroad

Water Cooler Chat

Those topics that are considered appropriate or inappropriate in a professional setting can be some of the best examples of dealing with Cross-Cultural Differences.  Below is an assessment of how likely people are to talk about religion and/or politics in a work setting:

  • Canada & New Zealand – Discouraged in business settings.  Such conversation would normally be avoided or minimized in work settings.
  • Australia & UK – The Aussies and the British are only slightly more likely to talk about such things in business settings.
  • United States – In many American workplaces, it would not be unusual or inappropriate to be asked what church you attend, or who you might be most likely to vote for.

Tolerance for Authority and Government

How people view authority and government is a key factor in managing Cross-Cultural Differences:

  • The United States – Americans are more focused on the individual and individual freedoms than any of the other countries compared here.  The fact that this nation was born out of rejection of authority and government is still obvious in how business is conducted today.
  • Australia – Much like the US, Australia is a product of its history.  The individualism is not as strong as it is for Americans, but Australia has a proud independent streak that is obvious in business settings.
  • United Kingdom – The British have a strong respect for their institutions, although in the past 30 years, there have been significant tests of authority and government by its citizens.
  • Canada & New Zealand – Once again, the Canadians and the Kiwis are grouped together as people that have relative tolerance for authority and government.  This is not to say that people do not disagree, but compared to the other three countries, these two have the most respect for authority and government.

Time off

If you work with people from one of the other profiled countries, you will notice almost immediately their expectations and attitudes about time off.

  • The United States:  Americans get very little time off — in many cases only two to three weeks per year.
  • Canada: Canadians only get marginally more time off than their American neighbors.
  • United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia: These three countries have much more time off than the North Americans.  Many employees have six to ten weeks of holiday (vacation) time.  There are also many more statutory holidays than are found in the United States.

Three Things to Remember About Managing Cross-Cultural Differences

  1. Just because someone may look and sound like you, they may have a vastly different life experience.
  2. There is nothing wrong with discussing cultural differences, as long as you do it with sensitivity.
  3. You don’t have to travel, or do business internationally to need cross-cultural skills.

Watch the ‘3-Minute Crash Course’ about Cross Cultural Differences (CLICK THE ARROW TO START THE VIDEO):

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Don’t Trust the Trust Game

“Let’s take everyone off-site for team building.  It will help get people out of their comfort zones.”

The last time I heard that, I ran away so fast, there was a Bob-shaped hole in the exit door.  I’m not exactly sure what logic leads people to believe that one day away from the office is going to make up for poor management and inadequate leadership on all the other days of the year, but you need to think very carefully about how and when you take your team offsite.

Don’t get me wrong… I do think some of these outings can be fun.  I just don’t think it will have any impact on the business or the people.  I am reminded of the manager who decided that taking his team out for Karaoke would be a good idea.  It would help them bond as a group, and promote creativity.  For the one aspiring rock star of the group, it was a great time.  The rest of the people, however, were jaded and cynical that they had to sit through Karaoke without the one necessary ingredient to make it fun – booze.

Think about it – if you want to breach people’s comfort zones, then it depends a lot on the people.  If you have a bunch of Type-A extroverts, then getting them to play silly games, and make asses of themselves is well within their comfort zones.  The introverts will be horrified, and the extroverts will be in their element.  If you really want to breach the extroverts’ comfort zones, get them to sit quietly for an hour and read a book.

I’m also reminded of the group that was encouraged to play the “trust game” where you fall backwards and trust that your team will catch you.  You guessed it – one broken wrist later, they discovered it had far less to do with trust than it did with the physical logistics of catching 200 pounds in the palms of half-a-dozen sets of hands.

The bottom line is that most forms of group training and other team building exercises are a waste of time and money.  There needs to be specific desired behavior changes that can be measured back in the workplace, otherwise save your money, and just take your team out for dinner instead.  It will be cheaper, it is more sincere, and it will be appreciated more.